The author analyses some problems discussed in the article of Vadim Mezhuev. He discusses the ways in which historians deal with their own scientific problems in the light of philosophical problems of sciences. According to Yu. Nikiforov, a philosopher can always talk about the future which is yet to come; a historian sees the future through the present of the processes which she describes. The author argues that a reconstruction of the past is always based on the knowledge of the (...) present. (shrink)

Islamic philosophy; Islamic thought; Greek philosophy.

Guidelines for a model bride in Islam based on Islamic teachings; includes stories of six exemplary Muslim wives during Prophet Muhammad's time.

On the life and works of Averroës, 1126-1198, Islamic religious philosopher.

본고는 노자를 주석했던 당대 유학자들과의 대비속에서 18세기의 저명한 문장가인 兪漢雋(1732∼1811)의 老莊 사상 수용의 특징을 고찰하였다. 본고의 분석에 따르면, 老子를 주석했던 李珥·朴世堂·徐命膺·洪奭周 등은 그 해석의 개성적 차이에도 불구하고 노자를 儒家와 동일시하거나 동일화시키면서 유가 중심의 사상 통일을 확대·심화시키는 방향으로 노자를 수용하고 있었다. 반면, 유한준은 어떤 한계나 경계를 두지 않는 개방적 태도와 모든 개인들의 삶과 사상을 긍정하는 그 특유의 各道其道의 세계관을 바탕으로 유가를 근본적으로 비판하는 노장의 관점까지도 하나의 가능한 입론으로 수용하고 있었다. 그는 儒者로서의 삶의 궤적을 이탈하지 않으면서도 자신의 글을 통해 仁義를 비판하는 노장의 (...) 관점을 수용함은 물론 장자의 萬物齊同의 세계관과 관점주의적 사고를 일상적 현실에 적용하여 儒家的 名分論에 입각한 차별적 세계관을 비판하고 있다. 문학을 매개로 한 유한준의 이러한 ‘소통적 타자 이해’는 老莊이라는 타자를 儒者化하지도 않고, 자신의 유가적 삶의 방식을 전적으로 포기하지 않으면서도 둘간의 온전한 소통을 통해 자기 삶의 반성과 스스로의 인식 지평을 확대하고 있다는 점에서 ‘타자의 이질성’을 무화시키는 ‘會通的 타자이해’와는 다른, 주체와 타자간의 새로운 만남의 방식을 제시하고 있다고 하겠다. (shrink)

This study adds to the growing research exploring the consequences of knowledge hiding in organizations. Drawing from the social exchange theory and the norm of reciprocity, this paper examines the direct and indirect—via distrust in supervisor—relationships between supervisor knowledge hiding and supervisee organizational citizenship behavior directed at the supervisor in the context of the Middle East. Using a supervisor–supervisee dyadic design, two-source data were obtained from 317 employees of 41 Saudi firms. The findings suggest that supervisees’ distrust in their supervisors (...) mediates the significant and negative relationship between SKH and supervisees’ OCB-S. Furthermore, the significant and positive relationship between SKH and distrust in supervisor is more pronounced for foreign workers than for local workers. This study provides empirical support and a better understanding of the existence and consequences of SKH for local and foreign workers and also discusses the theoretical and practical implications of the findings. (shrink)

First of all, I consider it necessary to note that the full value of freedom of existence of religious organizations operating in the territory of our country, the realization of their tasks, goals depends first of all on the effective mechanism of their legal support and legal guarantees. It is clear that the legal norms fixed in the legislation of Ukraine, which relate to the sphere of freedom of religion, concern only the plane of realization of freedom of conscience - (...) freedom of religious expression both at the individual and the collective levels. This is an extremely pressing issue that needs scientific reflection. (shrink)

Through its struggle for three centuries, a demonstration of the strength of their beliefs, the patience and suffering of Christians in the beginning of IV. have achieved to a large extent what they demanded, what they wrote and what the apologists of Christianity sought. The latter gained the right to freedom of his being in a polytheistic state.

Dr Day offers a readable introduction to Chinese thinking from its 10th century B C Taoist and Confucian roots through its assimilation of Buddhism to its present development under the Western influences of Marxism, neo-realism and pragmatism. Classical thinking is presented in typical English translations, with free use of the translators’ comments within a general historical context for the tyro. Contemporary Chinese thought speaks for itself and evaluates the past as this extract from Fung Yu-Lan’s comprehensive History of Chinese Philosophy (...) illustrates: ‘Chinese philosophy is inferior to Western and Indian philosophies in demonstration and explanation... it does not contrast man and the universe, but has subordinated metaphysics to human affairs... it has not developed a system of logic, nor has it attached much importance to epistemology, for it is not interested in knowledge for its own sake’. (shrink)

STS scholarship has produced important insights about relationships between the roles of peer review and the social construction of knowledge. Yet, barriers related to access have been a continual challenge for such work. This article overcomes some past access challenges and explores peer review normativities operating in the new discipline of Engineering Education. In doing so, it contributes new insights about disciplinary development, interdisciplinarity, and peer review as a site of knowledge construction. In particular, it draws attention to an aspect (...) of peer review not previously discussed – how peer review normativities are shaped by disciplinary origins. A content analysis of peer review documentation revealed that a hyperfocus on methods, which can be traced back to disciplinary origins, continues to be a guiding normativity. However, interviews with editors revealed that they do not acknowledge that normativity. Implications of those findings and their misalignment are discussed, as are contrasts with the history of other disciplines. (shrink)

Since its original publication in Chinese in the 1930s, this work has been accepted by Chinese scholars as the most important contribution to the study of their country's philosophy. In 1952 the book was published by Princeton University Press in an English translation by the distinguished scholar of Chinese history, Derk Bodde, "the dedicated translator of Fung Yu-lan's huge history of Chinese philosophy". Available for the first time in paperback, it remains the most complete work on the subject in any (...) language. Volume I covers the period of the philosophers, from the beginnings to around 100 B.C., a philosophical period as remarkable as that of ancient Greece. Volume II discusses a period lesser known in the West--the period of classical learning, from the second century B.C. to the twentieth century. (shrink)

We present some abstract theorems showing how domination properties equivalent to being $\overline{GL}_{2}$ or array nonrecursive can be used to construct sets generic for different notions of forcing. These theorems are then applied to give simple proofs of some known results. We also give a direct uniform proof of a recent result of Ambos-Spies, Ding, Wang, and Yu [2009] that every degree above any in $\overline{GL}_{2}$ is recursively enumerable in a 1-generic degree strictly below it. Our major new result is (...) that every array nonrecursive degree is r.e. in some degree strictly below it. Our analysis of array nonrecursiveness and construction of generic sequences below ANR degrees also reveal a new level of uniformity in these types of results. (shrink)

本書收有八篇論文，除了論及朱子學的詮釋外，亦關涉了東亞朱子學的區域特色與交流互動。由本書所收論文，可具體而微地看到東亞儒者對朱子學的討論，有基本架構上的同，也有不同契入角度之異，這種同異互現的結果，使 得不同時代及區域的朱子學，因其差異的詮釋而發展了豐富的內涵。.

This paper explores organ donation through the perspective of Reconstructionist Confucianism. I argue that for organ donation in China to be morally permissible, public policy must conform to the norms of Confucian benevolence. Reconstructionist Confucianism appreciates benevolence as an objectively important feature of morality deeply connected to moral rules governing propriety, integrity, righteousness, and human freedom. Here, benevolence involves sincere affection for another as an intrinsic good, rather than as a means to achieve other purposes. It requires developing self-restraint and (...) proper respect for others. As I argue, family-based consent is essential for ensuring that organ donation conforms to such an understanding of benevolence and is, thereby, compatible with Confucian culture. Consequently, legislation in China should solidify family-based consent for organ donation to consolidate a benevolent family environment as the basis of morality, law, and social existence. (shrink)

本书以著名的“索卡尔事件”为线索,展现了后现代反科学思潮出现的历史背景,突出讨论了“索卡尔事件”所引发的科学卫士与后现代思想家之间的“科学大战”。分析批判了“强纲领”的科学知识社会学。.